Decisions regarding both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic peri-operative prophylaxis to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery are controversial and practices differ substantially. Reasons why surgeons may not use thromboprophylaxis include associated risk of bleeding, burden of the interventions, cost and lack of awareness of the relevant evidence. Utilising the best available and newly summarised evidence, including the brand-new European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines on Thromboprophylaxis in Urological Surgery, this lecture will provide practical evidence-based guidance regarding post-surgery thromboprophylaxis and perioperative management of antithrombotic agents in patients undergoing LUT/POP surgery.