1. Follow-up conditions
A total of 85 children with PMNE were included in the study, and 77 children were included, with a male/female ratio of 43/34 and an average age of (8.8±1.9), because 8 children were not followed up completely. In the improvement group, 52 patients (67.5%) had a male/female ratio of 29/23 and an average age of (8.7±2.0). In the no-improvement group, 25 patients (32.5%) had a male/female ratio of 14/11 with an average age of (8.8±1.7). There were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline in age, sex ratio, number of enuresis nights per week, enuresis occurrence time, sleep duration on weekdays and weekends, or CSHQ total score (P>0.05).
2. Changes in enuresis symptoms and sleep quality after 12 weeks of treatment
All children with PMNE who completed 12 weeks of DDAVP treatment (n=77) were analyzed for enuresis and sleep, the number of enuresis nights and CSHQ total score decreased gradually with the duration of treatment (baseline, week 4, week 8 and week 12), while the enuresis occurrence time, and sleep time on weekdays and weekends increased gradually with statistically significant differences (P<0.01). The number of enuresis nights and CSHQ total score were significantly lower at week 12 compared with baseline [1.0(1.0-2.5) vs 4.0(3.0-4.0), P<0.01; 53.3±4.7 vs 61.2±4.1, P<0.01], whereas enuresis occurrence time, sleep time on weekdays and weekends were significantly higher (P<0.01).
The improvement group (n=52) had significantly lower number of enuresis nights and CSHQ total score after 12 weeks of treatment compared with baseline [1.0(1.0-1.8) vs 4.0(3.0-5.0), P<0.01; 51.5±4.4 vs 61.8±4.1, P<0.01], while the enuresis occurrence time and sleep time were significantly increased (P<0.01). The no-improvement group (n=25) had a decrease in the number of enuresis nights at week 12 compared with baseline [3.0(2.5-4.0) vs 4.0(3.0-4.0), P<0.05], but the decrease was <50%, and CSHQ total score decreased [56.8±3.1 vs 60.0±4.0, P<0.05], while the enuresis occurrence time and sleep time increased.
3. Comparison of changes of sleep quality before and after treatment between the improvement group and the no-improvement group
At the 8th and 12th week of treatment, the CSHQ total score of the improvement group (n=52) was significantly lower than that of the no-improvement group (n=25) (54.7±4.0 vs 57.7±3.0, P<0.05; 51.5±4.4 vs 56.8±3.1, P<0.01), the enuresis occurrence time and sleep time of the improvement group were significantly longer than those of the no-improvement group (P<0.05). Comparing the changes in CSHQ scores at 8 levels, significant differences were found in Bedtime Resistance, Sleep Onset Delay, Bedtime Duration, Sleep Anxiety, Night Waking, Parasomnias, and Daytime Sleepiness in the improvement group (P<0.05), while the difference in Bedtime Duration only was statistically significant in the no-improvement group (P<0.05).